(ISSN: 2564-212X; CODEN: JPGOC8; DOI: 10.33002/jpg) is an international, scientific double blind peer-reviewed open access journal published 2 times a year online by The Grassroots Institute.
Open Access—free for readers, with article processing charges (APC) paid by authors or their institutions.
Fast Publication: Primary acceptance to the submitted article is given in 1 week time. After consent of author(s), manuscript is peer-reviewed, and a first decision provided to authors in 2-4 weeks after submission.
Recognition of Reviewers: The reviewers who provide timely, thorough peer-review reports receive vouchers entitling them to a discount on the APC of their next publication in the journal, in appreciation of the work done. Reviewers also receive Certificate for their voluntary service.
Journal of Policy & Governance is comprehensively covering the subjects of policy and governance in interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary approach. By bridging both academic and professional domains, the journal provides professionals, practitioners, researchers, students, and policymakers, and any other persons with information on developments in the field of policy and/or governance.
Redressing Policy Making in Pastoral Areas of the Mediterranean Region
Michele Nori
PASTRES Project, European University Institute, Florence, Italy.
Email: michele.nori@eui.eu | ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3543-6130
*Corresponding author
Journal of Policy & Governance, 02(01) (June 2022), 21-32. https://doi.org/10.33002/jpg020103
Received: 31 March 2022
Published: 15 June 2022
Reviewed: 28 April 2022
Accepted: 15 May 2022
No. of Abstract Views:
No. of Paper Downloads:
This article provides a critical analysis of the evolution of the policy, institutional and legislative frameworks impinging on the livelihoods of pastoral communities in the different flanks of the Mediterranean, and of the underpinning narratives, with a view to support a better informed and more consistent policy framework. The Common Agricultural Policy of the European Union is paramount in defining evolving and shrinking pastoralists’ room for manoeuvre, not only in Europe but also in its neighbouring regions. In Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region, despite a quite un-harmonised and diversified ideological and institutional setting, agricultural policies in the different countries seem to converge to a very similar and consistent framework. Throughout the Mediterranean, the growing compliance with policy measures, institutional regulations and legislative rules have exposed agro-pastoral farms to increasing degrees of uncertainty and dependence on public subsidies, loan schemes and market prices, making their navigation decreasingly sustainable.
Keywords: Pastoralism; Rangelands; Mediterranean; Pastoral Policies; Common Agriculture Policy; EU
Alary, V. (2006). L’adoption de l’innovation dans les zones agro-pastorales vulnérables du Maghreb
Alary, V., & El Mourid, M. (2005). Les politiques alimentaires au Maghreb et leurs conséquences sur
Ates, S., & Louhaichi, M. (2012). New approaches for grassland research in a context of climate and
Beaufoy, G., & Ruiz-Mirazo J. (2013). Ingredientes para una nueva Política Agraria Común en apoyo
de los sistemas ganaderos sostenibles ligados al territorio (Ingredients for a new Common Agricultural Policy in support of sustainable livestock systems linked to the territory). Revista Pastos, 43(2), 25-34.
Bertolozzi-Caredio, D., Soriano, B., Bardaji, I., & Garrido, A. (2021). Economic risk assessment of the
Bourbouze, A. (2000). Pastoralisme au Maghreb: la révolution silencieuse (Pastoralism in the
Caballero, R., Fernández-González, F., Pérez Badia, R., Molle, G., Roggero, P. P., Bagella, S., D'Ottavio,
P., Papanastasis, V. P., Fotiadis, G., Sidiropoulou, A., & Ispikoudis, I. (2009). Grazing systems and biodiversity in Mediterranean areas: Spain, Italy and Greece. Revista Pastos, 39(1), 9-152.
Daoud, I., Abd El-Zaher, M. O., Alary V., & Tourrand, J. F. (2016). Adaptation and resilience in
pastoral management of the Mediterranean Bedouin social-ecological system in the northwestern coastal zone of Egypt. In: Dong, S. et al. (Eds.), Building Resilience of Human-Natural Systems of Pastoralism in the Developing World: Interdisciplinary Perspectives. Cham, Switzerland: Springer International Publishing AG.
Darghouth, M. A., & Gharbi, M. (2011). Impact des mutations de l’environnement sur les maladies
d’importance économique: Cas de l’élevage ovin en Tunisie (Impact of environmental changes on diseases of economic importance: Case of sheep farming in Tunisia). Options Méditerranéennes, 97, 41–42.
Dhia, M. (1995). L’élevage ovin en Tunisie Situation actuelle et perspectives d’avenir (Sheep
farming in Tunisia: Current situation and future prospects). Direction Générale de Production Agricole de la Tunisie, Tunis, Tunisia.
Dukhan, H. (2017). From Reform to Revolt: Bashar Al-Assad and the Arab Tribes in Syria. In:
Dutilly-Diane, C. (2006). Review of literature on pastoral economics and marketing: North Africa. A
EC (2018). EU Farm Economics Overview. Directorate-General for Agriculture and Rural
Development, European Commission, Brussels.
EC (2020). Study on Future of EU livestock: how to contribute to a sustainable agricultural sector.
Elloumi, M., Alary, V., & Selmi, S. (2006).Politiques et stratégies des éleveurs dans le gouvernorat de
Sidi Bouzid, Tunisie centrale (Policies and strategies of herders in the governorate of Sidi Bouzid, Central Tunisia). Afrique contemporaine,3(219), 63-79.
EP (2008). The future of the sheep and goat sector in Europe. European Parliament, Brussels.
ESSEDRA (2014). IPARD II financial support to address the needs of small-scale cheese producers:
EuroStat (2016). Agriculture, rural development statistics. Eurostat, Luxembourg.
FAO (2021). FAO pastoral knowledge Hub. Retrieved from
Fréve, E. R. (2015). L’élevage ovin français: entre finalité domestique et mission de service public, la
transformation du métier de berger en Provence (French sheep farming: between domestic purpose and public service mission, the transformation of the profession of shepherd in Provence). In: Caraguel, B. et al. (Eds.), L'Alpage au pluriel – des éleveuses et éleveurs au présent des territoires alpins (The Alpage in the plural – breeders in the present of the Alpine territories). Cardère ed.: Avignon.
Gertel, J., & Breuer, I. (eds.) (2007). Pastoral Morocco: Globalizing Scapes of Mobility and Insecurity.
University of Leipzig. Nomaden und Sesschafte collection. New York: Reichert Pubbl.
IFAD (2003). Assessment of rural poverty: Near East and North Africa. International Fund for
Agricultural Development, Rome.
INRA (2015). Le système agricole et alimentaire de la région Afrique du Nord –Moyen-Orient: une
Karrou, M., El Mourid. M., & Nefzaoui, A. (2007). Drought management and planning strategies in
semi-arid and arid agro-pastoral systems of West Asia and North Africa. International Dryland Development Commission, Alep.
Kasimis, C. (2010). Demographic trends in rural Europe and migration to rural areas. Agri Regioni
Europa, 6(21).
Keenleyside, C., Beaufoy, G., Tucker, G., & Jones, G. (2014). High Nature Value farming throughout
EU-27 and its financial support under the CAP. Report Prepared for DG Environment, Contract No. ENV B.1/ETU/2012/0035, Institute for European Environmental Policy, London.
MAA (2018). Le pastoralisme français à l'horizon 2035: Centre d’études et de prospective (French
Mohamed, A. H., El Hawy, A. S., Sawalhah, M. N., & Squires, V. R. (2019). Middle East and North
Africa livestock systems. In: Squires Victor R., & Bryden Wayne L. (Eds.), Livestock management strategies and challenges. New York: Nova Science Publisher.
Nefzaoui, A., Ketata, H., & El Mourid, M. (2012). Changes in North Africa production systems to meet
climate uncertainty and new socio- economic scenarios with a focus on dryland areas. In: Acar Z. et al. (Eds.), New approaches for grassland research in a context of climate and socio-economic changes. Options Méditerranéennes: Série A. Séminaires Méditerranéens, 102, 403-421. CIHEAM, Zaragoza.
Nori, M. (2015). Pastori a colori. Agri Regioni Europa, 11(43).
Nori, M. (2017). The shades of green: migrants’ contribution to EU agriculture: context, trends,
opportunities, challenges. Policy Brief 21/2017. Migration Policy Centre, European University Institute, Firenze, Italy.
Nori, M. (2019a). Herding through Uncertainties – Regional Perspectives. Exploring the Interfaces
Nori, M. (2019b). Herding through Uncertainties – Principles and Practices. Exploring the Interfaces
of Pastoralists and Uncertainty. Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies 2019/69. European University Institute, Florence, Italy.
Nori, M. (2022a). Assessing the policy frame in pastoral areas of Europe. EUI Working Paper 73811.
Nori, M. (2022b). Assessing the policy frame in pastoral areas of West Asia and North Africa. EUI
Working Paper 74315. PASTRES and Global Governance Programme, Firenze, Italy.
Nori, M. (2022c). Mainstreaming pastoralism in sectoral policies in the Mediterranean region.
Nori, M., & Farinella, D. (2019). Migration, Agriculture and Rural Development: the case study of
Nori, M., & Gemini, S. (2011). The Common Agricultural Policy vis-à-vis European Pastoralists:
Principles and Practices. Pastoralism: Research, Policy and Practice, 1, 2.
Nori, M., & Scoones, I. (2018). Pastoralism, Uncertainty and Resilience: Global Lessons from the
PACTORES (2021). Rapid appraisal of governance elements. PACTORES Internal Report.
Pastomed (2007). Le pastoralisme méditerranéen, situation actuelle et perspectives: modernité du
pastoralisme méditerranéen (Mediterranean pastoralism, current situation and perspectives: modernity of Mediterranean pastoralism). Rapport final du projet Interreg III PastoMED, Manosque.
Ragkos, A., & Nori, M. (2016). The multifunctional pastoral systems in the Mediterranean EU and
impact on the workforce. Options Méditerranéennes, Série A. Séminaires Méditerranéens; no. 114. 15. Proceedings of the FAO-CIHEAM Workshop on Ecosystem Services and Socio-Economic Benefits of Mediterranean Grasslands. Orestiada.
World Bank, FAO, & IFAD (2009). Improving Food Security in Arab Countries. World Bank,
Zuccotti, C. V., Geddes, A. P., Bacchi, A., Nori, M., & Stojanov R. (2018). Rural Migration in Tunisia.
Nori, M. (2022). Redressing Policy Making in Pastoral Areas of the Mediterranean Region. Journal of Policy & Governance, 02(01), 21-32. https://doi.org/10.33002/jpg020103
Pecheniuk, A. and Kiziun, A. (2022). Postmodern Transformations of Tourism Development. Journal of Policy & Governance, 02(01): 21-32. DOI: https://doi.org/10.33002/jpg020103
Nori, M. Redressing Policy Making in Pastoral Areas of the Mediterranean Region. Journal of Policy & Governance, 2022, 02(01), 21-32. https://doi.org/10.33002/jpg020103
Nori, Michele. 2022. “Redressing Policy Making in Pastoral Areas of the Mediterranean Region”. Journal of Policy & Governance, 02 no. 01: 21-32. https://doi.org/10.33002/jpg020103
Nori, Michele. 2022. “Redressing Policy Making in Pastoral Areas of the Mediterranean Region”. Journal of Policy & Governance, 02 (01): 21-32. https://doi.org/10.33002/jpg020103
Internet Archive: | https://archive.org/details/jpg020103-nori-m00290 |
WorldCat: |
© 2022 by the author(s). Licensee Journal of Policy & Governance. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). We allow to freely share (copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format) and adapt (remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially) with a legal code: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode.
Journal of Policy & Governance by The Grassroots Institute is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License based on a work at www.grassrootsjournals.org.
In Partnership with
* Prof. Dr. Ivanyshyn Volodymyr (Ukraine)
Editor-in-Chief
Prof. Dr. Valeriy Tertychka Professor & Chair
Kyiv-Mohyla School of Governance (KMSGov)
National University "Kyiv-Mohyla Academy", Ukraine
Deputy Editor-in-Chief
Prof. Dr. Larysa Klymanska, Professor
Department of Sociology and Social Work
Lviv Polytechnic National University, Ukraine
Prof. Dr. Santosh Kumar, Professor of Public Policy, & Dean
School of Liberal Arts and Culture Studies
ADAMAS UNIVERSITY, India
Managing Editor
Dr. Hasrat Arjjumend
Senior Fellow
Centre for International Sustainable Development Law, Canada
Associate Editor
Dr. Mohanasundari Thangavel
Assistant Professor (Economics)
School of Humanities and Social Sciences
Indian Institute of Technology Indore, India
Dr. Ansari P. A.
Post Doctoral Researcher
Centre for West Asian Studies
Jamia Millia Islamia (Central University), India
* Prof. Dr. George Mavrotas (Belgium)
* Dr. Sigrid Pauwels (Belgium)
* Prof. Dr. H. Hassan-Yari (Oman)
* Dr. Noor Sulastry Y.A. (Oman)
* Prof. Dr. Honor G. Fagan (Ireland)
* Dr. Romeo B.Pacudan (Brunei Darussalam)
* Prof. Dr. habil. Corina M. Radulescu (Romania)
* Dr. Margarita Cheshmedzhieva (Bulgaria)
* Dr. Kamelia Assenova (Bulgaria)
* Dr. Virgil Nicula (Romania)
* Dr. Vesna Mrdalj (Bosnia & Herzegovina)
* Prof. Dr. Shulga Ievgenii Viktorovich (Ukraine)
* Dr. Lesya Ilchenko-Syuyva (Ukraine)
* Dr. Iryna Golyash (Ukraine)
* Dr. Sam Noshadha (Ukraine)
* Dr. Alla Pecheniuk (Ukraine)
* Dr. Rinata Kazak (Ukraine)
* Stephen J. Ternyik (Germany)
* Prof. Dr. Scott Valentine (Japan)
* Dr. Ornanong Benbourenane (UAE)
* Dr. Bashir AbulQaraya (UAE)
* Dr. Amany A. El Anshasy (UAE)
* Dr. Mehrdad Mozayyan (UAE)
* Dr. Sasidaran Gopalan (UAE)
* Dr. Sumaia A. Al Kohlani (UAE)
* Dr. Amani Abdullatif Omer (UAE)
* Dr. Riham Khafagy (UAE)
* Dr. Sabiha Alam (India)
* Dr. Jatswan Singh (Malaysia)
* Prof. Dr. Shakila Yacob (Malaysia)
* Dr. Raja Noriza R. Ariffin (Malaysia)
* Dr. Md. Nazmus Sadekin (Bangladesh)
* Dr. Evelie P. Serrano (Philippines)
* Prof. Dr. Judith D. Serrano (Mexico)
Go to Top